Copper

Occurrence:

Copper is one of the few metallic elements to occur naturally as an uncombine mineral. It is found in various minerals, including:

Chalcopyrite (CuFeS2): The most abundant copper-bearing mineral.

Bornite (Cu5FeS4): Known as "peacock ore" due to its iridescent colours.

Malachite (Cu2CO3(OH)2): A green copper carbonate mineral.

Azurite (Cu3(CO3)2(OH)2): A blue copper carbonate mineral.

Uses:

Copper has been used by humans for thousands of years due to its excellent electrical conductivity, corrosion resistance, and malleability. Some of its primary uses include:

Electrical Wiring: Due to its high electrical conductivity, copper is widely used in electrical wiring and components.

Plumbing: Copper pipes and fittings are used extensively in plumbing systems.

Construction: Copper is used in roofing, gutters, and architectural elements due to its durability and aesthetic appeal.

Electronics: It is used in various electronic devices and circuit boards.

Coinage: Copper and its alloys, like bronze and brass, have been used in coins throughout history.

Heat Exchangers and Radiators: Copper's high thermal conductivity makes it ideal for heat exchangers and radiators.

Antimicrobial Properties: Copper has natural antimicrobial properties, and copper alloys like brass have been used for doorknobs, handrails, and other high-touch surfaces to reduce the spread of germs.

Alloys:

Copper is commonly alloyed with other metals to improve its properties. Some common copper alloys include:

Bronze: Copper combined with tin, aluminium, or other elements.

Brass: Copper combined with zinc.

Cupronickel: Copper combined with nickel.